Personal networks,social media,and community cohesion in the strategies of peace‐building agents in Colombia to counteract the segregation of displaced populations

As part of the “Colombian Peace Process,” victim assistance programs, actions for the reincorporation into civilian life of ex‐combatants, and demobilized persons of the armed conflict have been developed as well as innovative instances of intervention in cases of posttraumatic stress. In this study, we surveyed 143 community leaders from the Department of Atlántico (Colombia), participants in a program for capacity building in rehabilitation and mediation strategies. With a mixed design in which we combine the analysis of personal networks, psychometric scales, and qualitative interviews, we describe the use that community mediators make of their personal skills, their personal network, and social media in their actions to confront social trauma and promote coexistence in the local community. The results show a significant relationship between the density of personal networks and the psychological sense of community. Paradoxically, the high social cohesion of the communities of people displaced by political violence seems to pose objective difficulties in reducing trauma. In the discussion, we indicate that the sociogeographic segregation derived from housing policies becomes an obstacle to the effective functioning of the coexistence and reintegration programs of victims and demobilized persons of the armed conflict. In this context, social media such as Facebook, Twitter, and WhatsApp are little used by community mediators in the development of their activities, which they perceive as reinforcing largely the dynamics of segregation of the displaced population.     

葛根素注射剂杂质研究

目的 研究葛根素注射剂的杂质谱,并对杂质进行结构鉴定。方法 建立高效液相梯度洗脱法,分析11个厂家共12批次葛根素注射剂杂质谱,利用半制备高效液相对注射剂中的杂质进行分离并结合核磁技术进行杂质结构确认。结果 不同生产厂家及批次的葛根素注射剂杂质种类及含量差别明显,共分离并鉴定了注射剂中的5个杂质,分别为3''-羟基葛根素、3''-甲氧基葛根素、染料木素-8-葡萄糖苷、新葛根素B、新葛根素A,均为葛根素异构体或其衍生物。结论 采用此方法检出的杂质峰数目较现行方法多,且精密度高、重复性好。通过对葛根素注射剂杂质谱的研究,可以有目的地控制部分杂质,为质量控制研究提供参考。     

忍冬藤饮片质量标准研究

目的 制定忍冬藤饮片的质量控制方法。方法 采用显微鉴别、薄层鉴别定性鉴别,采用高效液相色谱法测定饮片中的马钱苷。色谱条件：苯基硅烷键合硅胶色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）,流动相为乙腈-0.4％磷酸溶液(12:88),检测波长236 nm,流速1 mL·min^-1,柱温40 ℃。结果 非腺毛、木纤维、皮层纤维、表皮细胞、草酸钙簇晶、木化薄壁细胞等显微特征明显,显微鉴别方法专属性强;薄层色谱斑点清晰,阴性对照无干扰。马钱苷的进样量在0.086 8～1.302 0 μg范围内与峰面积积分值呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r=0.999 9。平均回收率为100.0%,RSD=0.38%。测定山东、安徽、浙江等不同产地的19批样品,马钱苷含量以干燥品计算,结果在0.058%～0.863%区间分布。结论 本方法准确可靠、重现性好,可有效控制该饮片的质量。     

发菜基因组DNA提取方法比较与分子鉴定研究

目的 以发菜为研究对象比较不同的提取DNA方法,筛选出了一种适合快速提取发菜DNA的方法。方法 分别利用自主研发的硅珠DNA纯化技术、细菌试DNA提取试剂盒和植物DNA提取试剂盒提取发菜基因组DNA。结果 本实验室开发的硅珠DNA提取纯化技术具有快速、无毒以及获得的发菜DNA纯度高等优势。通过PCR扩增和测序得到16S rRNA基因,利用Blast软件进行序列比对,与发菜同源性为99%。结论 本研究研制的发菜基因组DNA提取方法可用于发菜源性的分子鉴定。     

Evaluating the effect of training along with fit testing on earmuff users in a Chinese textile factory

A hearing protection fit testing was conducted on workers (n = 189) in a textile factory in southern China. The 3M E-A-Rfit Dual-Ear Validation System was used to measure the personal attenuation rating (PAR) on an over-the-head style earmuff at the work site. In addition, PARs were obtained several times throughout the same work shift to capture different fits on 39 workers. Follow-up visits were conducted in approximate 6-month or 12-month intervals to repeat the fit testing. Both the immediate and residual effects of training on the field attenuation of hearing protection devices obtained by workers, and the effects of training toward improving the attenuation and protection of earmuffs after a period of daily use, were observed. A questionnaire survey was used to assess the awareness of hearing health and motivation toward the use of earmuffs in a high temperature environment. The results showed that there were wide variations in PARs among the workers tested. The one-on-one training together with fit testing improved PAR and helped to reduce the negative impact caused by use of protective hair covers. Since earmuffs are often used for long periods of time (>1 year), repeating fit tests could be helpful in order to verify the attenuation received throughout their useful life.     

The evolving role of the personal support worker in home care in Ontario,Canada

To meet increasing demand for home care, the role of personal support workers (PSWs) is shifting from providing primarily personal and supportive care to include care activities previously provided by regulated health professionals (RHPs). Much of the research examining this shift focuses on specialty programmes, with few studies investigating the daily care being provided by PSWs, frequency of care activities being provided by PSWs, and characteristics of the population receiving more complex tasks. Between January and April 2015, a review of 517 home‐care service user charts was undertaken in Ontario, Canada, to: (1) describe the range of tasks being performed by PSWs in home care, (2) identify tasks transferred by RHPs to PSWs, and (3) examine characteristics of service users receiving transferred care. Findings indicate that normally, PSWs provide personal and supportive care commensurate with their training. However, in approximately one quarter of care plans reviewed, PSWs also completed more complex care activities transferred to them by RHPs. Service users receiving transferred care were older and had higher levels of cognitive and functional impairment. Although there is potential for the expansion of home‐care services through increased utilisation of PSWs, healthcare leadership must ensure that the right provider is being utilised at the right time and in the right place to ensure safe and effective quality care. Thus, several actions are recommended: PSW core competencies be clearly articulated, processes used to transfer care activities from RHPs to PSWs be standardised and a team‐based approach to the delivery of home‐care services be considered. Utilisation of a team‐based model can help establish positive relationships among home‐care providers, provide increased support for PSWs, allow for easier scheduling of initial training and ensure regular reassessments of PSW competence among PSWs providing added skills.     

Bayesian inference for unidirectional misclassification of a binary response trait

When assessing association between a binary trait and some covariates, the binary response may be subject to unidirectional misclassification. Unidirectional misclassification can occur when revealing a particular level of the trait is associated with a type of cost, such as a social desirability or financial cost. The feasibility of addressing misclassification is commonly obscured by model identification issues. The current paper attempts to study the efficacy of inference when the binary response variable is subject to unidirectional misclassification. From a theoretical perspective, we demonstrate that the key model parameters possess identifiability, except for the case with a single binary covariate. From a practical standpoint, the logistic model with quantitative covariates can be weakly identified, in the sense that the Fisher information matrix may be near singular. This can make learning some parameters difficult under certain parameter settings, even with quite large samples. In other cases, the stronger identification enables the model to provide more effective adjustment for unidirectional misclassification. An extension to the Poisson approximation of the binomial model reveals the identifiability of the Poisson and zero‐inflated Poisson models. For fully identified models, the proposed method adjusts for misclassification based on learning from data. For binary models where there is difficulty in identification, the method is useful for sensitivity analyses on the potential impact from unidirectional misclassification.     

款冬花药材质量评价方法的研究现状及分析

款冬花Farfarae Flos是中医临床和中药工业中常用药材,其质量直接关系到中医临床用药的安全性和有效性。从性状、显微鉴别、薄层鉴别、定量测定、指纹图谱、商品规格标准等方面对款冬花的质量评价方法及研究现状进行综述和分析,为款冬花的质量标准提升提供必要的参考。     

基于指标成分与近红外光谱对宁夏野生和栽培甘草的比较鉴别研究

比较宁夏乌拉尔甘草(以下均简称甘草)中基于指标成分含量的色谱鉴别和基于近红外光谱的光谱鉴别差异,建立快速有效鉴别宁夏野生和栽培甘草的方法。采用HPLC和紫外光谱法测定9批野生甘草和14批栽培甘草中甘草苷、甘草酸和总黄酮的含量并采集其近红外光谱信息。结果显示,基于指标成分定量的色谱鉴别无法有效鉴别宁夏野生和栽培甘草,近红外光谱结合聚类分析和主成分分析能够直观、快速、有效鉴别宁夏野生和栽培甘草样品,为甘草生长方式的鉴别及应用研究提供有效方法。同时,为甘草的品种、产地及规格等方面的鉴别提供了研究思路。     

菟丝子药材品种考证、资源调查及商品药材鉴定

该研究通过本草考证及对我国植物志(含地方植物志)、历版《中国药典》及地方中药材标准、近现代文献记载情况进行整理,列出原植物和药材鉴定表,并对全国菟丝子商品药材进行收集和鉴定,结果发现本草中所描述的菟丝子植物应为菟丝子Cuscuta chinensis,以产于山东、河南为好。当今菟丝子商品药材经鉴定植物来源包括南方菟丝子C.australis、菟丝子C.chinensis和金灯藤C.japonica 3种,主要为南方菟丝子C.australis,古今菟丝子药材主流品种发生变化。许多近现代文献对菟丝子的原植物和药材性状、显微特征记载描述有出入,需进一步修改完善。南方菟丝子C.australis、菟丝子C.chinensis和金灯藤C.japonica三者种子有区别值得进一步研究。《中国药典》收载2物种,建议分开细化特征,以示区别。该研究为菟丝子药材的开发利用提供参考。